Definitioner
Total Alkalinity
the alkalinity of a water as determined by titration with standard with standard acid solution to the methyl orange endpoint(ph approx. 4.5); sometimes abbreviated as "M alkalinity" Total alkalinity includes many components, such as hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates.
Titration
an analytical process in which a standard solution in a calibrated vessel is added to a measured volume of sample until an end point, such as color change, is reached. From the volume of the sample and the volume of standard solution used, the concentration of a specific material may be calculated.
PH
the reciprocal of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The ph scale is from zero to 14,and 7.0 is the neutral point, indicating the presence of equal concentrations of free hydrogen and hydroxide ions, ph values below 7.0 indicate increasing acidity, and ph values above 7.0 indicate increasing base concentrations.
Endpoint
the point at which a process is stopped because a predetermined value of a measurable variable is reached, the endpoint of an ion exchanger water softener service run is the point at which the hardness of the softener effluent increases to a predefined concentration, often 1.0 grain per gallon; the endpoint of a filter service run may be the point at which the pressure drop across the filter reaches a predetermined value; the endpoint of a titration is the point at which the titrant produces a predetermined color change, ph value, or other measurable characteristic.
Alkalinity
The quantitative capacity of a water or water solution to neutralize an acid. It is usually measured by titration with a standard acid solution of sulfuric acid, and expressed in terms of its calcium carbonate equivalent.
Acid
A substance which releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.Most acids will dissolves the common metals, and will react with a base to form a neutral salt and water.
